NASA의 Mars Perseverance Rover: 화성의 레이저 마킹

작성자: Roger Wiens, Purdue University 2022년 8월 4일

암석이 무엇으로 만들어졌는지 테스트하기 위해 SuperCam 장비를 사용하여 암석을 레이저로 공격하는 Mars Perseverance Rover의 그림. 크레딧: NASA

If your name begins with "L" you will especially enjoy this story about the first letter to be laser engraved on MarsMars is the second smallest planet in our solar system and the fourth planet from the sun. It is a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere. Iron oxide is prevalent in Mars' surface resulting in its reddish color and its nickname "The Red Planet." Mars' name comes from the Roman god of war." data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]">화성.

가끔씩 우리는 화성 탐사선이 바퀴 자국으로 모래 위에 글자를 만드는 패턴으로 구동되는 만화를 봅니다. 글자에는 어리석은 문구가 적혀 있을 수 있고, 만화에는 종종 의미에 대해 웃거나 의아해하는 외계인이 옆에 있습니다. 실제로 화성 탐사선에 레이저를 사용하면 화성 암석에 레이저로 낙서를 표시하는 것도 가능해졌습니다.

However, as NASAEstablished in 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the United States Federal Government that succeeded the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). It is responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. Its vision is "To discover and expand knowledge for the benefit of humanity." Its core values are "safety, integrity, teamwork, excellence, and inclusion." NASA conducts research, develops technology and launches missions to explore and study Earth, the solar system, and the universe beyond. It also works to advance the state of knowledge in a wide range of scientific fields, including Earth and space science, planetary science, astrophysics, and heliophysics, and it collaborates with private companies and international partners to achieve its goals." data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]">NASA's instruments are generally used strictly for science, I did not believe laser graffiti would ever be done. But of course, people have thought about it. When I arrived at JPLThe Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center that was established in 1936. It is owned by NASA and managed by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The laboratory's primary function is the construction and operation of planetary robotic spacecraft, though it also conducts Earth-orbit and astronomy missions. It is also responsible for operating NASA's Deep Space Network. JPL implements programs in planetary exploration, Earth science, space-based astronomy and technology development, while applying its capabilities to technical and scientific problems of national significance." data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]"> 2012년 Curiosity 착륙을 위해 JPL에서 SuperCam의 이전 버전에 대한 시퀀스 개발을 담당한 엔지니어 중 한 명이 레이저를 사용하여 바위 표면에 악기 이름을 철자하는 긴 시퀀스를 작성했다는 사실에 놀랐습니다. 모든 것이 재미있었어요. 우리는 실제로 해당 시퀀스를 사용하여 장면을 낭비한 적이 없습니다. 하지만 Perseverance에서는 레이저 마킹을 사용해야 하는 이유를 찾았습니다.

Mars Perseverance Sol 471 – SuperCam 카메라: 약간 기울어진 문자 "L" 모양의 세 개의 어두운 레이저 피트가 샘플 표면 표시를 위한 드라이 런으로 타겟 "Pinefield Gap"(Sol 471)의 암석 표면에 생성되었습니다. 핵심. L 마크는 동일한 위치에서 코어를 절단한 후 암석의 회전 방향에 대한 지식을 유지하는 방법입니다. 코어 표면의 원래 방향은 샘플을 지구로 가져온 후 샘플의 자기 도메인의 원래 방향을 이해하는 데 유용합니다. L의 크기는 높이 2.5mm, 길이 1.0mm(0.1" x 0.04")입니다. SuperCam 장비는 각 피트에서 125장의 샷을 사용하여 레이저 피트를 생성하고 이 이미지도 촬영했습니다. 출처: NASA/JPL-Caltech/LANL/CNES/IRAP

About two years ago I received a call from Professor Ben Weiss from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MITMIT is an acronym for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is a prestigious private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts that was founded in 1861. It is organized into five Schools: architecture and planning; engineering; humanities, arts, and social sciences; management; and science. MIT's impact includes many scientific breakthroughs and technological advances. Their stated goal is to make a better world through education, research, and innovation." data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]"MIT) asking about SuperCam's laser marking capabilities. Ben had just joined Perseverance as part of the Return Sample Science team. This group focuses on the collection of samples for return to Earth, with the purpose of ensuring that samples would be collected under the appropriate conditions to optimize their scientific value once back on Earth. Ben's specialty is paleomagnetism. In terrestrial rocks, this is the study of the magnetism induced by the Earth's magnetic field at the time of the rock's formation. Mars currently has a very weak magnetic field, but Mars’ field strength in the past is largely unknown. It has important implications for the retention or loss of Mars’ atmosphere over time, among other things. Suffice it to say that we would love to use the samples returned from the Perseverance mission to fill in that knowledge gap./p>